News

News

• May 15, 2019 15 May'19

  Qlik debuts free data literacy certification

  Qlik unveiled a free data literacy certification in the hopes of making people -- both customers and non-customers -- more data literate.

• May 13, 2019 13 May'19

  Nakivo backup supports Nutanix AHV in latest update

  In its quest to reach feature parity with Veeam, backup software vendor Nakivo adds support for the Nutanix AHV hypervisor and the ability to replicate VMs from backup sets.

• May 13, 2019 13 May'19

  Acronis data protection gives Red Sox an edge in backup

  Acronis has stepped up to the plate for the Boston Red Sox. The 2018 World Series champions will use Acronis products for backup, recovery, transfer and remote data accessibility.

• May 09, 2019 09 May'19

  Storware offers Microsoft Office 365 backup with Kodo for Cloud

  Storware's Kodo for Cloud release brings cloud backup capabilities for Microsoft Office 365. Kodo for Cloud is the vendor's first software dedicated to cloud backup.

• May 09, 2019 09 May'19

  Unitrends Cloud Backup protects remote endpoints

  Unitrends Cloud Backup protects data on workstations through direct replication of endpoint devices to the cloud. UCB also enables direct restores from the Unitrends Cloud.

• Sponsored News

  • Scale-Out vs. Scale-Up: Why Backup Storage Architecture Matters

    Sponsored by Exagrid - Is the world of IT drowning in data? Experts estimate that organizations this year are generating more than 2.5 exabytes (2,500,000,000,000,000,000 bytes) of new data—every day. With various experts predicting that the compound annual growth rate of data will increase from 33% to over 60%, one thing is clear: You’re going to need more storage and soon. See More

  • When Disaster Strikes, Backup Storage Matters

    Sponsored by Exagrid - For data centers, uptime isn’t the most important thing—it’s the only thing that matters. According to Ponemon Institute, the cost of downtime now exceeds $9,000 a minute, putting the per-hour cost of downtime over a half-million dollars. Many organizations reported unplanned outages that soared into the millions of dollars until systems could be fully restored to operational status. See More

  • Avoiding the Hidden Costs of Backup

    Sponsored by Exagrid - It can be difficult to fathom the total lifetime cost of backup storage. Of course, there is the initial outlay for storage capacity, which, in the simplest form, is the amount of data to be backed up times the number of retention copies plus yearly data growth. In a world where everything seems to be software defined—even infrastructure as code—having everything readily available and backed up, including virtual machines and containers, is more important than ever. See More

  • It’s Restores That Matter for User Productivity

    Sponsored by Exagrid - Backup performance is one thing, but separately, restores can be difficult—and it is restores that keep end users productive. Files get deleted, overwritten, corrupted, encrypted, etc., and users need them to stay productive. Slow restores result in lost user productivity, and those costs add up to millions of dollars per year. How big is this problem? Incredibly, a recent TechTarget study found that backups fail almost 40% of the time, rendering restores ineffective while instilling a false confidence in many IT organizations. See More

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• May 09, 2019 09 May'19

  AvePoint Cloud Backup protects Office 365 for telecom group

  AvePoint Cloud Backup protects about 200 GB of Office 365 data for a national telecommunications group. IT likes being able to run the product 'from anywhere.'

• May 08, 2019 08 May'19

  Cohesity backup expands with Imanis Data acquisition

  Cohesity bought Imanis Data to integrate its NoSQL database protection into Cohesity's products. Cohesity plans to tackle other modern workloads like containers and SaaS apps next.

• May 07, 2019 07 May'19

  ProvenDB brings blockchain applications to world of MongoDB

  Blockchain is intriguing technology, but carries with it high system overhead. ProvenDB adds blockchain to MongoDB in an effort to gain acceptable performance.

• May 06, 2019 06 May'19

  Odaseva introduces Vault for long-term Salesforce backup

  Odaseva launched Vault, a Salesforce backup product that lets customers store their sensitive data in an encrypted long-term retention layer that's still readily accessible.

• May 03, 2019 03 May'19

  SAS Viya cloud software at center of SAS analytics strategy

  The spotlight at SAS Global Forum 2019 was on the vendor's Viya analytics tools, which are getting new functionality and licensing options meant to spur deployments.

• May 01, 2019 01 May'19

  Snowflake CEO Bob Muglia replaced by former ServiceNow CEO

  Frank Slootman, who led ServiceNow and Data Domain through successful IPOs, is the new chairman and CEO of cloud data warehouse vendor Snowflake, replacing former CEO Bob Muglia.

• May 01, 2019 01 May'19

  Arcserve UDP update supports Nutanix AHV, Office 365

  The Arcserve UDP update extends the backup software's support to Nutanix AHV and Office 365, with the promise of other hypervisors and SaaS applications to come.

• April 30, 2019 30 Apr'19

  SAS Platform update expands AI in Viya cloud analytics tools

  A new version of the SAS analytics platform adds a variety of AI features to SAS Viya, the cloud-based software that SAS hopes will secure its place in the AI future.

• April 30, 2019 30 Apr'19

  Dell EMC PowerProtect aims to go beyond data protection

  Dell EMC hopes PowerProtect will modernize its data protection for customers, but what will it mean for its legacy backup products, such as Data Domain, Avamar and NetWorker?

• April 30, 2019 30 Apr'19

  Snowflake CEO Bob Muglia talks cloud data warehouse evolution

  In this Q&A, now-former Snowflake CEO Bob Muglia discusses the vendor's decision to embrace cloud data warehousing and how the industry is changing as more data moves to the cloud.

• April 29, 2019 29 Apr'19

  Wayfair charts open source components course to growth

  Teams at Wayfair mix new open source tools to power customer-facing apps. In such shops, tech leaders like Ben Clark must deftly maneuver an obstacle course of data components.

• April 29, 2019 29 Apr'19

  New factors driving disaster recovery adoption

  Threats from cyberattacks and climate change have replaced natural disasters as the main drivers behind companies adopting disaster recovery and make no geographic zone safe.

• April 29, 2019 29 Apr'19

  Storware vProtect update brings EC2, Google Cloud support

  Storware's latest release, vProtect 3.8, provides support for Amazon EC2 backup and Google Cloud Storage, among other updates.

• April 25, 2019 25 Apr'19

  Digilink launches new Microsoft Office 365 backup software

  Digilink Limited has released Easier Backup, a program that provides both on-premises and alternative cloud options for Microsoft Office 365 data and file storage.

• April 25, 2019 25 Apr'19

  MongoDB buys Realm database to boost mobile chops

  MongoDB is buying Realm, the maker of an open source database for cross-platform mobile applications, to boost its Atlas cloud platform and Stitch backend as a service.

• April 24, 2019 24 Apr'19

  Most in-demand data science skills include ML, Python

  Experts detail the skills employers want most in data scientists -- notably machine learning and programming languages -- and why often the most valuable expertise comes with time.

• April 22, 2019 22 Apr'19

  Cloud-first strategy brings pharma firm to cloud-first backup

  With no physical data center at launch, pharma spinout firm Bioverativ went to the cloud first and learned valuable lessons about storage protection and management.

• April 22, 2019 22 Apr'19

  Assurance business continuity software gauges emergency preparedness

  Assurance Software's new analytics and dashboard feature allows companies to monitor the health and readiness of their business continuity programs and pinpoint areas of weakness.

• April 17, 2019 17 Apr'19

  Google takes a run at enterprise cloud data management

  New Google Cloud boss Thomas Kurian is putting databases and data management at the forefront at Google. The vendor has forged key data deals, showing a more mature Google Cloud.

• April 17, 2019 17 Apr'19

  Druva Office 365 backup adds restore options, snaps

  Druva sets out to fill in data protection gaps in Microsoft Office 365, providing an independent backup source for the popular software-as-a-service application.

• April 16, 2019 16 Apr'19

  SaaS backup remains confusing to many

  SaaS providers aren't backing up your data for you, and that creates confusion among many IT pros who assume their data is automatically protected in the cloud.

• April 15, 2019 15 Apr'19

  Kafka at center of new event processing infrastructure

  Events are as important as data in emerging applications underlying many e-commerce efforts. Streams of events tell a company what motivates customers to use online products.

• April 15, 2019 15 Apr'19

  NetBackup backup as a service now available on IBM Cloud

  Veritas sells NetBackup as a service through the IBM Marketplace, following the industry trend of pushing as-a-service-type offerings. But not everyone thinks it's a good idea for enterprises.

• April 11, 2019 11 Apr'19

  Dell EMC data protection engineers firm's backup, DR

  Engineering and environmental consulting business GEI needed quicker backup and had to keep an eye on DR cost. It found an answer in Dell EMC data protection software and hardware.

• April 10, 2019 10 Apr'19

  Cloud AutoML, BigQuery ML upgrades expand Google stake in ML

  Google introduced a raft of updates to its cloud-based machine learning and AI products, including expanded capabilities for its AutoML and BigQuery ML tools.

• April 09, 2019 09 Apr'19

  Cohesity backup available as a service on Google Cloud

  Cohesity backup software is available as a service on Google Cloud Platform. The partnership simplifies purchasing and implementing backup for workloads in Google Cloud.

• April 08, 2019 08 Apr'19

  Google's BigQuery ML needs big changes to compete

  On the eve of Google Cloud Next '19, experts assess the impact of Google's BigQuery ML since its release and their hopes for the automated machine learning tool's future.

• April 05, 2019 05 Apr'19

  Veeam Backup for Microsoft Office 365 software gets update

  Veeam Software's updated Microsoft Office 365 backup program is said to be faster and more secure than previous versions when it comes to backing up the cloud.

• April 04, 2019 04 Apr'19

  Equifax and FICO unite to move into alternative data market

  With the Equifax-FICO alliance, the credit giants are offering a combined Data Decisions Cloud suite they hope can solidify their place in the alternative data market.

• April 04, 2019 04 Apr'19

  Tools manage performance for big data cloud applications

  Tools such as Unravel and Pepperdata offer a way to measure performance of big data cloud applications, which may aid companies with on-premises configuration issues.

• April 02, 2019 02 Apr'19

  $1 billion SAS AI investment recharges vendor's mission

  SAS' new AI initiative includes a $1 billion investment and partnership with AI chip vendor Nvidia. The goal is to bring advanced AI tech to end users.

• March 28, 2019 28 Mar'19

  Backblaze cloud backup pays off for financial software firm

  Talisys IT staff finds Backblaze backup can reliably protect the financial software firm's data at work, but is simple enough to pay for to use at home for personal data.

• March 27, 2019 27 Mar'19

  Storware vProtect backup supports OpenShift and CloudForms

  Storware updates its vProtect data protection software for open platforms, adding backup support for Red Hat OpenShift containers and the latest version of CloudForms.

• March 25, 2019 25 Mar'19

  Facebook alumni forge own paths to big data analytics tools

  Startups Interana and Rockset differ in their approaches to providing new query capabilities on fast-arriving big data. Both are led by technologists who started at Facebook.

• March 25, 2019 25 Mar'19

  Building a business glossary enhances data governance

  Experts say data professionals should work to create a common vocabulary in organizations to help boost data governance and compliance with laws like GDPR.

• March 21, 2019 21 Mar'19

  XenData backup packages Wasabi in new cloud product

  A new cloud service lets customers put XenData backup on Wasabi's cloud, making a cheap option for active archiving by taking advantage of Wasabi's lack of egress fees.

• March 21, 2019 21 Mar'19

  Everbridge Crisis Management unifies communication, response

  Everbridge has launched an application that provides organizations the ability to manage a critical event throughout its lifecycle through a dynamic dashboard.

• March 21, 2019 21 Mar'19

  Machine learning approaches gain critical mass for data pros

  Machine learning will bring change to analytics and data management, said data luminary Michael Stonebraker. Others agree managing such change will take special effort.

• March 19, 2019 19 Mar'19

  Tableau-VoiceBase deal brings speech analytics data to users

  Tableau's partnership with AI speech analytics vendor VoiceBase enables users both inside and outside of the contact center to easily derive insights from speech analytics data.

• March 15, 2019 15 Mar'19

  Big data management practices gain attention amid risks

  Many data professionals have yet to solidify traditional data management practices, but they have a new set of challenges to overcome to ensure data privacy and avoid misuse.

• March 14, 2019 14 Mar'19

  NYPD's Patternizr crime analysis tool raises AI bias concerns

  The NYPD has rolled out Patternizr, a machine learning algorithm that helps analysts identify crime patterns but highlights the complexity around eliminating AI bias in real-world systems.

• March 13, 2019 13 Mar'19

  Druva Phoenix serves up new DRaaS features

  An upcoming wave of updates to Druva Phoenix and CloudRanger will boost the DRaaS offering's capabilities, and the vendor said it will extend Druva beyond data protection.

• March 13, 2019 13 Mar'19

  Cohesity-Cisco partnership deepens into reseller deal

  The partnership between vendors Cohesity and Cisco has blossomed into a reseller deal. Customers can now buy Cohesity software with Cisco HyperFlex hardware and architecture.

• March 12, 2019 12 Mar'19

  Aerospike database garners Spark, Kafka connectors

  Apache Kafka and Apache Spark connectors ease use of the Aerospike NoSQL data store in high-speed applications such as analytics that are becoming more broadly supported.

• March 12, 2019 12 Mar'19

  Veeam roadmap includes NAS, CDP, acquisitions

  In this Q&A, Veeam co-founder Ratmir Timashev details how close the well-funded company is to making an acquisition, and what's to come for its products in a competitive market.

• March 11, 2019 11 Mar'19

  Data catalog software takes on data lakes, privacy laws

  Data catalogs form a hub for managing enterprise data. New products focus on machine learning and AI add-ons that help automate aspects of data governance.

• March 11, 2019 11 Mar'19

  Users find data preparation tools vital to BI strategies

  Data preparation isn't the sexiest topic, but it's critically important to IT and business users, according to a study by Dresner Advisory Services.

• March 06, 2019 06 Mar'19

  Veritas acquires Aptare for storage analytics

  Veritas acquired storage monitoring software vendor Aptare on the advice of common customers and will integrate its features in NetBackup and other data protection applications.

• March 06, 2019 06 Mar'19

  N2WS Backup & Recovery adds power switch for AWS instances

  If you don't like AWS Instance Scheduler, N2WS says its Backup & Recovery Resource Control console has a better way of turning AWS resources on and off to save money.

• March 04, 2019 04 Mar'19

  Head Start provider achieves SaaS backup with Spanning

  East Coast Migrant Head Start Project selected SaaS backup through Spanning in order to protect its Google Apps, Salesforce and Office 365 data.

• March 01, 2019 01 Mar'19

  Augmented analytics tools, NLP search, graph are trending

  Augmented analytics, NLP and graph analytics are changing the data and analytics market, according to Gartner -- enabling users to more easily get at and share data.

• February 27, 2019 27 Feb'19

  Cohesity backup saves time and space for Nebraska hospital

  Community Hospital switched to Cohesity backup after scrapping the Dell EMC Avamar software and fourth-generation hardware it was using since 2009, saving rack space and improving performance.

• February 26, 2019 26 Feb'19

  Cohesity applications available through Cohesity MarketPlace

  Cohesity MarketPlace includes Cohesity applications for secondary storage management, along with third-party choices, such as SentinelOne and Imanis Data.

• February 26, 2019 26 Feb'19

  Hazelcast grid tunes for data scalability tradeoffs

  An in-memory data grid (IMDG) from Hazelcast lets designers tune subsystems to support consistency over availability, or the reverse, depending on what designers want.

• February 25, 2019 25 Feb'19

  Synology Active Backup boosts recovery speeds for Shiseido

  Worried about slow recovery times and the impact ransomware might cause endpoint devices, Shiseido swapped in Synology Active Backup to reduce recovery time to 30 minutes.

• February 22, 2019 22 Feb'19

  Attunity acquisition expands data management for Qlik users

  Qlik's acquisition of Attunity is another sign of the BI vendor's data management ambitions -- and may help attract new users that want to unify big data and analytics.

• February 20, 2019 20 Feb'19

  StorageCraft backup and object storage focuses on healthcare

  A new bundle of StorageCraft backup hardware, software and disaster recovery as a service targets healthcare organizations, which are particularly susceptible to ransomware.

• February 15, 2019 15 Feb'19

  Click-to-launch tools pull apps through Oracle Cloud Infrastructure marketplace

  Oracle has made it easier for customers to choose and launch third-party software onto its cloud. Now, the question is whether more businesses will follow.

• February 14, 2019 14 Feb'19

  Originators form group to boost Presto SQL query engine

  The Presto engine arose as an alternative to Hive for big data queries. Now, the Presto Software Foundation has formed to promote the SQL query software's virtues.

• February 14, 2019 14 Feb'19

  Experts look for new Commvault CEO to automate, orchestrate

  Experts say new Commvault CEO Sanjay Mirchandani is qualified for his new job, while the vendor still has some challenges to overcome in the face of a competitive, dynamic market.

• February 13, 2019 13 Feb'19

  Tableau Ask Data gives BI users simple NLP data query tool

  Tableau's new Ask Data software uses natural language processing to enable users of any skill level to more easily search for data insights by typing text queries.

• February 12, 2019 12 Feb'19

  Actifio GO turns Sky into SaaS backup

  With Actifio GO, multi-cloud backup doesn't require backup software or any on-premises appliances. The SaaS data protection is based on the Salesforce model.

• February 12, 2019 12 Feb'19

  Carbonite acquisition of Webroot merges backup, cybersecurity

  The Carbonite acquisition of Webroot is a big play in the SMB market. Carbonite's backup and recovery platform will combine with Webroot's cybersecurity.

• February 11, 2019 11 Feb'19

  Web integration platform eases way to machine learning models

  StoryFit data scientists employ machine learning algorithms to gauge film script scenarios' prospects. They use Import.io tools to make data preparation easier.

• February 06, 2019 06 Feb'19

  New Arcserve appliances tightly integrate DR capabilities

  The third generation of appliances from Arcserve combines backup workloads with disaster recovery with the ability to spin up copies directly on an appliance or to the cloud.

• February 06, 2019 06 Feb'19

  New Commvault CEO Mirchandani: We're ready for the next wave

  The new Commvault boss says it's time for well-funded data management upstarts to 'take the training wheels off' if they want to compete in the enterprise.

• February 05, 2019 05 Feb'19

  Dell EMC backup appliance lines support GCP, Alibaba Cloud

  Dell EMC backup appliances get a software update that improves speed and expands public cloud support, showing a conscious push for multi-cloud and midsize customers.

• February 04, 2019 04 Feb'19

  WANdisco ships blockchain-driven LiveData for MultiCloud DR

  WANdisco slips patented blockchain DConE technology into LiveData for MultiCloud, promising to deliver LAN-like speeds across clouds to improve disaster recovery.

• February 01, 2019 01 Feb'19

  Open source cloud databases battle software 'strip mining'

  Cloud giants like AWS have adopted open source databases, causing Confluent, MongoDB and others to guard their assets the best way they know how: licensing.

• January 31, 2019 31 Jan'19

  Data leak exposes list of Rubrik backup customers

  A security snafu left a server containing Rubrik customer information -- including names and contact information -- exposed. Rubrik claims no customer-owned data was leaked.

• January 30, 2019 30 Jan'19

  U.K. trade union fends off ransomware with Asigra backup

  After moving off of tapes to Asigra software for disk and cloud backup, the Public and Commercial Services Union gained faster restores -- and foiled a ransomware attack.

• January 30, 2019 30 Jan'19

  Commvault CEO Hammer says goodbye, prepares handoff

  Bob Hammer is ready to pass the baton to a new CEO. He says Commvault is in good shape, but the data protection vendor still faces questions and challenges in a shifting market.

• January 29, 2019 29 Jan'19

  Unlimited use licensing offered for Asigra backup customers

  The 'all-you-can-eat' licensing model is meant to help Asigra backup customers by providing a predictable cost and potential savings. However, it is not the best fit for everyone.

• January 28, 2019 28 Jan'19

  Veeam, Rubrik funding show interest in data protection

  New rounds of Rubrik, Veeam, Actifio and Cohesity funding have given these vendors resources to challenge established backup vendors such as Veritas and Dell EMC.

• January 25, 2019 25 Jan'19

  Qlik's CrunchBot acquisition adds AI chatbot to analytics

  Qlik's acquisition of CrunchBot, an AI chatbot, aims to help users of its BI software get data easier and underscores a growing enterprise trend: conversational analytics.

• January 23, 2019 23 Jan'19

  Cohesity backup gains ransomware detection, SAP HANA restores

  Cohesity backup boosts its anti-ransomware capabilities with a new DataLock feature to prevent unauthorized backup deletion and releases a certified integration with SAP HANA.

• January 22, 2019 22 Jan'19

  New Teradata CEO pursues cloud-based architecture

  Cloud architecture, analytics and AI data processing are top innovation priorities for new Teradata CEO Oliver Ratzesberger. He talks about his goals in this Q&A.

• January 22, 2019 22 Jan'19

  Veeam cloud backup gains tiering, mobility, AWS enhancements

  The Veeam cloud backup platform becomes more comprehensive as backed up data continues to shift to the cloud. Updates allow users to move data around easier.

• January 21, 2019 21 Jan'19

  Data.gov shutdown shows limits of open data

  The Data.gov shutdown shows that, as open data can be turned off, data professionals may need to consider alternative sources for the kinds of data the government offers.

• January 17, 2019 17 Jan'19

  Assurance, ClearView merge business continuity services

  U.S.-based Assurance Software's merger with U.K.-based ClearView extends the business continuity providers' international reach, helping customers who do business globally.

• January 15, 2019 15 Jan'19

  Cloudera and Hortonworks combo to push CDP, machine learning

  Two wunderkinds of Hadoop have formalized their merger. Cloudera and Hortonworks say they will place special focus on AI as they chart the stand-alone vendor's future.

• January 14, 2019 14 Jan'19

  AWS acquires CloudEndure disaster recovery, backup services

  Amazon Web Services purchases startup CloudEndure to bolster application and data migration, backup, and disaster recovery services for enterprise customers.

• January 14, 2019 14 Jan'19

  Data backup and recovery tools: 2018 Products of the Year finalists

  The 2018 backup and disaster recovery software finalists feature new vendors in the competition along with established players. Many products offer comprehensive data protection.

• January 10, 2019 10 Jan'19

  IBM Weather Channel location data use spurs privacy concerns

  IBM CEO Ginni Rometty pushed real-time weather data mining for travel and other uses, even as the Los Angeles city attorney is suing IBM's Weather Company unit over its sharing of location data with business partners.

• January 10, 2019 10 Jan'19

  Veritas NetBackup provides Docker container backup

  A new NetBackup client enables users to back up application data on Docker containers, becoming one of the few products to offer data backup and recovery in the container space.

• January 08, 2019 08 Jan'19

  MicroStrategy 2019 platform touts 'zero-click' analytics

  MicroStrategy's latest BI platform supports a 'zero-click' analytics future with help from new voice and vision capabilities. The aim: quicker decisions and the democratization of data.

• January 02, 2019 02 Jan'19

  AsTech uses Flexential data center for backup and DRaaS

  When remote automotive diagnostics provider AsTech grew too big for its on-premises data center, it turned to colocation with Flexential for backup and disaster recovery.

• December 28, 2018 28 Dec'18

  Data management trends for 2019: Governance, DataOps, cloud

  Better data governance, increased cloud use and wider DataOps adoption head the list of trends for data management teams to plan for in 2019, IT analysts say.

• December 28, 2018 28 Dec'18

  Veeam backup software just 'Right' for background check provider

  HireRight likes the simplicity of the Veeam Availability Suite and its use in complying with GDPR. Testing has proven the backup software meets HireRight's needs.

• December 26, 2018 26 Dec'18

  Acquisition boosts Rave mass notification capabilities

  The SwiftReach acquisition not only enhances mass notification capabilities with a wider communication network, but nearly doubles Rave Mobile Safety's number of clients.

• December 21, 2018 21 Dec'18

  Top data backup news of 2018: Ransomware, multi-cloud, CEO shifts

  There's a lot to back up these days. Data backup vendors in 2018 enhanced products to protect many different types of data and tackle some of the top security issues of the day.

• December 20, 2018 20 Dec'18

  Carbonite backup integrates with Iron Cloud

  An expanded strategic partnership will bring Carbonite data protection products to Iron Cloud customers. Both vendors are confident the move will prove mutually beneficial.

• December 18, 2018 18 Dec'18

  Datawatch Swarm on path to combine data prep, analytics

  Datawatch plans to add analytics and data visualization tools to its Swarm data preparation platform, starting with integration capabilities in a Swarm 2.2 release.

• December 18, 2018 18 Dec'18

  Disaster recovery to cloud popular in 2018

  As data continued to grow in 2018, more and more businesses turned to a cloud disaster recovery strategy to take some of the burden off their data centers.

• December 14, 2018 14 Dec'18

  Data companies vie to fill spots in AWS cloud data lineup

  Third-party vendors that offer data platforms to AWS users tout hedges against cloud lock-in. But they must both compete and collaborate with the cloud leader.