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• Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)

  Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) is a group of fiber optic transmission rates that transport digital signals with different capacities. Continue Reading

• Explore virtualization study topics for CCNP, CCIE exams

  Aspiring CCNPs and CCIEs will need to grasp one of networking's most important topics: virtualization. 'Day 7' from Patrick Gargano's '31 Days' explains the subject in detail. Continue Reading

• bit stuffing

  Bit stuffing refers to the insertion of one or more bits into a data transmission as a way to provide signaling information to a receiver. Continue Reading

• Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)

  Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) refers to the traditional, analog voice transmission phone system implemented over physical copper wires (twisted pair). Continue Reading

• Power over Ethernet (PoE)

  Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a technology for implementing wired Ethernet local area networks (LANs) that enables the electrical current necessary for operating each device to be carried by Ethernet data cables instead of standard electrical power ... Continue Reading

• Definitions to Get Started

  • What is an API (application programming interface)?
  • What is a SAN? Ultimate storage area network guide
  • What is a data retention policy?
  • What is multi-access edge computing? Benefits and use cases

  • What is 5G?
  • What is 6G? Overview of 6G networks & technology
  • phase-locked loop (PLL)
  • What is millimeter wave (mmWave)?

  View All Definitions

• file server

  A file server is a computer responsible for the storage and management of data files so that other computers on the same network can access the files.Continue Reading

• Storage for edge computing is the next frontier for IoT

  IoT edge devices are getting smarter and will need local storage for machine learning and other AI operations. Is the industry ready for the challenge of storage for edge computing?Continue Reading

• network operations center (NOC)

  A network operations center (NOC) is a centralized place from which enterprise information technology (IT) administrators -- either internal or third party -- supervise, monitor and maintain a telecommunications network.Continue Reading

• conductance

  Conductance is an expression of the ease with which electric current flows through materials like metals and nonmetals.Continue Reading

• An introduction to eBPF and where it shines

  With eBPF, developers can customize Linux OS software without changing the kernel. Discover the utility's basics and how it can be used for networking, monitoring and security.Continue Reading

• session border controller (SBC)

  A session border controller (SBC) is a dedicated hardware device or software application that governs the manner in which phone calls are initiated, conducted and terminated on a voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) network.Continue Reading

• IPTV (Internet Protocol television)

  IPTV (Internet Protocol television) is a service that provides television programming and other video content using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite, as opposed to broadcast TV, cable TV or satellite signals.Continue Reading

• dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM)

  Dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) is an optical fiber multiplexing technology that is used to increase the bandwidth of existing fiber networks.Continue Reading

• What is packet loss in networking?

  Packet loss is when one or more transmitted data packets fail to arrive at their destination.Continue Reading

• carrier-to-noise ratio

  In communications, the carrier-to-noise ratio, often written as CNR or C/N, is a measure of the received carrier strength relative to the strength of the received noise.Continue Reading

• split horizon

  Split horizon is a method used by distance vector protocols to prevent network routing loops.Continue Reading

• SSD (solid-state drive)

  An SSD, or solid-state drive, is a type of storage device used in computers.Continue Reading

• star network

  A star network is a local area network (LAN) topology in which all nodes -- personal computers (PCs), workstations or other devices -- are directly connected to a common central computer that is often referred to as a hub.Continue Reading

• 3 FAQs to improve your Hyper-V basic knowledge

  It is critical to develop a foundation of Hyper-V knowledge for successful management. These three FAQs can broaden your Hyper-V expertise prior to installation and deployment.Continue Reading

• Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

  Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a Layer 2 network protocol used to prevent looping within a network topology.Continue Reading

• How to use Azure Arc-enabled Kubernetes, step by step

  As the use of the cloud expands and becomes more complex, Azure Arc offers a way to manage resources. Learn how to set it up for Kubernetes with this tutorial.Continue Reading

• sliding window (windowing)

  The sliding window (windowing) technique is used by Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to manage the flow of packets between two computers or network hosts.Continue Reading

• Explore hot and cold aisle containment for your data center

  Explore hot aisle and cold aisle containment for the data center, a practice that can reduce energy costs by helping better manage environmental factors.Continue Reading

• Reduce your risk with Exchange Server security best practices

  The unique nature of your on-premises Exchange Server makes it an attractive target for threat actors. Take these recommended steps to avoid being the next breach victim.Continue Reading

• frequency-division multiplexing (FDM)

  In frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), multiple signals are combined for transmission on a single communications line or channel, with each signal assigned to a different frequency (subchannel) within the main channel.Continue Reading

• How to keep Docker secrets secret

  Secrets greatly increase an environment's security but can take some trial and error to implement correctly. Learn the basics, and then follow this tutorial to create a secret.Continue Reading

• Network observability vs. monitoring: What's the difference?

  Traditional network monitoring is useful for collecting data about network issues. But network observability can add further insights into network health and end-user experience.Continue Reading

• The 4 Golden Signals, and how to put them into practice

  There's nothing easy about monitoring distributed systems, but the right metrics can help. Here's how to put the Golden Signals of software reliability to work.Continue Reading

• system administrator (sysadmin)

  A system administrator (sysadmin) is an information technolog professional who supports a multiuser computing environment and ensures continuous, optimal performance of IT services and support systems.Continue Reading

• international private leased circuit (IPLC)

  An international private leased circuit (IPLC) is a point-to-point private line used by an organization to communicate between offices that are dispersed throughout the world.Continue Reading

• Working with PowerShell Secret Management and Secret Vault

  The two new PowerShell modules put API keys, credentials and other secrets under lock and key to protect sensitive information in automation and remoting scenarios.Continue Reading

• coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (COFDM)

  Coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (COFDM) is a telecommunications modulation scheme that divides a single digital signal across 1,000 or more signal carriers simultaneously.Continue Reading

• ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

  ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) is a technology that facilitates fast data transmission at a high bandwidth on existing copper wire telephone lines to homes and businesses.Continue Reading

• Link Control Protocol (LCP)

  In computer networking, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) provides a standard way to transport multiprotocol data over point-to-point links; within PPP, Link Control Protocol (LCP) establishes, configures and tests data link internet connections.Continue Reading

• beamforming

  Beamforming is a type of radio frequency (RF) management in which a wireless signal is directed toward a specific receiving device.Continue Reading

• Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS)

  Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) is a server role in Active Directory that allows admins to manage and store information about resources from a network, as well as application data, in a distributed database.Continue Reading

• Best of VMworld 2021 Awards: Rules and criteria

  Read the updated rules, criteria and categories for the Best of VMworld 2021 Awards to find out what the requirements are for each product nomination.Continue Reading

• Best of VMworld 2021 Awards: Nomination form

  Submit your entry for the Best of VMworld 2021 Awards for a chance to win.Continue Reading

• Key aspects of RPA in the cloud

  As more enterprises prioritize automation, RPA seeks to build upon that growth within the cloud sector. Learn why vendors see the technology as an investment in the future.Continue Reading

• File Transfer Access and Management (FTAM)

  File Transfer Access and Management (FTAM) is an OSI application Layer 7 protocol that standardizes how files are accessed and managed in a distributed network file system.Continue Reading

• 11 job interview questions for virtualization engineers

  Interviews are your chance to showcase your overall knowledge -- and technical expertise -- of virtualization. Prepare for your next job interview and review typical questions.Continue Reading

• 5G core network functionality driven by SDN, NFV

  To reap the full benefits of 5G, operators are using SDN, NFV and network slicing to build out core network functionality.Continue Reading

• An introductory overview of 5G network capabilities

  In this Q&A, author William Stallings discusses 5G services, such as network slicing and QoS, and other topics covered in his book, '5G Wireless: A Comprehensive Introduction.'Continue Reading

• Test your knowledge in this 5G QoS quiz

  In this quiz, test your knowledge of network slicing, QoS, and other technologies and practices related to 5G networking.Continue Reading

• Basics of SaaS testing, challenges and strategies

  With the software-as-a-service model, QA professionals must address particular test challenges and criteria. Let's look at those SaaS issues and the strategies to navigate them.Continue Reading

• What admins need to know about CMG client authentication

  A System Center cloud management gateway keeps your organization's devices in compliance and running as they should, but which authentication option would work best for you?Continue Reading

• Try PSScriptAnalyzer to check PowerShell code best practices

  Meeting best practices can be a tough feat. Thankfully, PowerShell Script Analyzer checks the code for you. Follow these examples to learn how it works and get started.Continue Reading

• asymmetric communications

  Asymmetric communications is a term pertaining to any system in which the data speed or quantity, when averaged over time, is different in one direction from the other.Continue Reading

• frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS)

  Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) transmission is the repeated switching of the carrier frequency during radio transmission to reduce interference and avoid interception.Continue Reading

• network access control (NAC)

  Network access control (NAC), also called network admission control, is a method to bolster the security, visibility and access management of a proprietary network.Continue Reading

• Apply hyperscale data center design principles to IT storage

  Storage admins in large enterprises can borrow infrastructure design principles from the major hyperscale cloud providers to optimize their own storage systems and operations.Continue Reading

• Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)

  Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a connection-oriented network protocol for transmitting multiple streams of data simultaneously between two endpoints that have established a connection in a network.Continue Reading

• SYN scanning

  SYN scanning is a tactic that a malicious hacker can use to determine the state of a communications port without establishing a full connection.Continue Reading

• Take this quick DevOps quiz to test your expertise

  DevOps as a methodology and cultural movement has been around for years -- but how well do you know its concepts and best practices? Find out here.Continue Reading

• Get familiar with the basics of vMotion live migration

  VMware's vMotion simplifies the process of VM live migration. To use it properly, familiarize yourself with requirements for network bandwidth, host sizes and how it works.Continue Reading

• port

  A port in computing has three main uses, each as a type of receptacle in networking, computer hardware and software.Continue Reading

• 4 best practices for big data security in cloud computing

  When dealing with vast amounts of data in the cloud, enterprises need to be proactive with security. Don't wait for a threat to happen; apply these best practices first.Continue Reading

• An introductory guide to mobile app security testing

  Secure mobile apps by engineering security right into the software and with thorough mobile app security testing. Here's what risks to look for, processes to use and tools to adopt.Continue Reading

• How and when to use Nexthink remote actions

  Data can tell admins a lot about what happens in an environment -- if they can collect it. See how the Nexthink platform and PowerShell scripts can gather end-user data.Continue Reading

• Overhaul VMware multi-cloud strategy to improve cloud migrations

  Organizations that revamp their multi-cloud strategies should evaluate applications before migration and cross-train staff to more effectively manage these new systems.Continue Reading

• passive optical network (PON)

  A passive optical network (PON) is a system commonly used by telecommunications network providers that brings fiber optic cabling and signals all or most of the way to the end user.Continue Reading

• megabits per second (Mbps)

  Megabits per second (Mbps) are units of measurement for network bandwidth and throughput. It is used to show how fast a network or internet connection is.Continue Reading

• FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface)

  FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) is a network standard that uses fiber optic connections in a local area network (LAN) that can extend in range up to 200 kilometers (124 miles).Continue Reading

• Terraform cheat sheet: Notable commands, HCL and more

  Terraform has a lot going on. This cheat sheet rounds up the essentials, from configuration settings to the key commands for managing the Terraform directory.Continue Reading

• An introduction to big data in the cloud

  As enterprises add big data projects in the cloud, IT admins need to adjust their skills accordingly. Dive into this comprehensive guide to see what makes a cloud shift so attractive.Continue Reading

• American Wire Gauge (AWG)

  American Wire Gauge (AWG) is the standard way to denote wire size in North America.Continue Reading

• VRAM (video RAM)

  VRAM (video RAM) refers to any type of random access memory (RAM) specifically used to store image data for a computer display.Continue Reading

• Amazon EFS (Elastic File System)

  Amazon EFS (Elastic File System) is a cloud-based file storage service for applications and workloads that run in the Amazon Web Services (AWS) public cloud.Continue Reading

• committed information rate (CIR)

  Committed information rate (CIR) is the guaranteed rate at which a Frame Relay network will transfer information under normal line conditions.Continue Reading

• BOOTP (Bootstrap Protocol)

  BOOTP (Bootstrap Protocol) is an internet protocol that lets a network user automatically be configured to receive an IP address and have an operating system booted without user involvement.Continue Reading

• What is the network edge and how is it different from edge computing?

  The network edge is where an enterprise network connects to third-party network services. Edge computing is a distributed architecture that processes data closer to end users.Continue Reading

• anti-replay protocol

  The anti-replay protocol provides Internet Protocol (IP) packet-level security by making it impossible for a hacker to intercept message packets and insert changed packets into the data stream between a source computer and a destination computer.Continue Reading

• Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS)

  Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) is a public, packet-switched service aimed at enterprises that need to exchange large amounts of data with other enterprises over the wide area network on a nonconstant or bursty basis.Continue Reading

• What does the 0.0.0.0 IP address mean and why is it used?

  One of a few special-purpose addresses, IP address 0.0.0.0 has several applications in networking. It stands in as a placeholder address, identifies a default route and more.Continue Reading

• How to use iPerf3 to test network bandwidth

  In this in-depth tip, learn how to use iPerf3, a network testing tool to measure throughput and benchmark your WAN links to ensure effectivity.Continue Reading

• extranet

  An extranet is a private network that enterprises use to provide trusted third parties -- such as suppliers, vendors, partners, customers and other businesses -- secure, controlled access to business information or operations.Continue Reading

• Network Address Translation (NAT)

  A Network Address Translation (NAT) is the process of mapping an internet protocol (IP) address to another by changing the header of IP packets while in transit via a router.Continue Reading

• encoding and decoding

  Encoding and decoding are used in many forms of communications, including computing, data communications, programming, digital electronics and human communications.Continue Reading

• customer premises equipment (CPE)

  Customer premises equipment (CPE) is telecommunications and information technology equipment kept at the customer's physical location rather than on the service provider's premises.Continue Reading

• The differences between PAP and CHAP

  PAP uses a two-way handshake to authenticate client sessions, while CHAP uses a three-way handshake. Both authentication processes are common, but one is more secure.Continue Reading

• optoisolator (optical coupler or optocoupler)

  An optoisolator (also known as an optical coupler, photocoupler, optocoupler) is a semiconductor device that transfers an electrical signal between isolated circuits using light.Continue Reading

• How to script a Bash shell argument

  This tutorial teaches you how to add arguments to your Bash scripts, which can simplify and automate a variety of Linux tasks in the data center and eliminate hassle.Continue Reading

• RAID 10 (RAID 1+0)

  RAID 10, also known as RAID 1+0, is a RAID configuration that combines disk mirroring and disk striping to protect data.Continue Reading

• Serial ATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment or SATA)

  Serial ATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment or SATA) is a command and transport protocol that defines how data is transferred between a computer's motherboard and mass storage devices, such as hard disk drives (HDDs), optical drives and ...Continue Reading

• Snort

  Snort is an open source network intrusion detection system (NIDS) created by Sourcefire founder and former CTO Martin Roesch.Continue Reading

• token ring

  A token ring is a data link for a local area network (LAN) in which all devices are connected in a ring or star topology and pass one or more tokens from host to host.Continue Reading

• How pub/sub messaging works, and why it matters today

  While pub/sub has been a standard messaging approach for decades, it's arguably more important than ever for developers to understand what it is, how it works and why it matters.Continue Reading

• Static vs. dynamic routing: What is the difference?

  Static routing uses preconfigured routes to send traffic to its destination, while dynamic routing uses algorithms to determine the best path. How else do the two methods differ?Continue Reading

• In search of AWS Solutions Architect preparation?

  Think you're ready for the AWS Certified Solutions Architect certification exam? Test your knowledge with these 12 questions, and assess your test readiness.Continue Reading

• Amazon API Gateway

  Amazon API Gateway is an Amazon Web Services (AWS) feature that enables developers to connect non-AWS applications to AWS back-end resources, such as servers and code.Continue Reading

• poison reverse

  In a computer network that uses the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) or other distance vector routing protocol, poison reverse is a loop avoidance process.Continue Reading

• Get Azure Fundamentals exam practice with this quick quiz

  Getting officially certified in MS Azure Fundamentals is a career-booster. This 12-question quiz will help assess your readiness for this key professional exam.Continue Reading

• 12 official practice questions for the CCNA 200-301 exam

  These practice questions for CCNA 200-301 lay out what readers need to know about network security and IP routing in the LAN, from 'CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide, Volumes 1 and 2.'Continue Reading

• Manage OneDrive for Business storage limits, step by step

  OneDrive for Business is an important cloud storage element for Microsoft 365 users. Admins should be ready to adjust the storage limits for their users.Continue Reading

• pair programming

  Pair programming is an Agile software development technique originating from Extreme programming (XP) in which two developers team together and work on one computer.Continue Reading

• Get the right components for your home lab VM

  Home lab VM setups are helpful to test technology and build VM management skills. Be sure to evaluate RAM, CPU, network speeds and management software for a successful deployment.Continue Reading

• Five-nines availability: What it really means

  Learn what five-nines availability means and discover the steps enterprises should take to make sure network services are fully accessible.Continue Reading

• The 6 non-negotiable REST architecture constraints

  While REST-centric design isn't necessarily hard, there are some non-negotiable rules when it comes to resource provisioning. Here are six all architects should know.Continue Reading

• Avoid data overflows with PowerShell Remove-Item

  The cmdlet helps delete misplaced files and outdated documents, but you should tune the code to optimize execution and avoid errors when the work entails many files and folders.Continue Reading

• How to calculate network bandwidth requirements

  Figuring out how to calculate bandwidth requirements is vital to ensuring your network runs smoothly, and it's best to use the correct formula from the beginning.Continue Reading