An explanation of local area networks
In this video, Informa TechTarget customer success specialist Ben Clossey explains what a local area network is and how it works in different environments.
LANs are the backbone of modern digital communication.
A local area network (LAN) is a group of interconnected computers and devices within a limited geographical area, like an office, school or even your home. This network allows devices to share resources -- such as files, printers and even an internet connection.
LANs can be small -- connecting just a few devices -- or massive -- supporting thousands of users in a corporate setting.
Here, we'll explain how LANs work.
There are different types of LANs for different needs and environments. A wired LAN uses physical Ethernet cables to connect devices, allowing for stability and speed. This is ideal for small businesses or environments where reliable performance is important.
A wireless LAN, or WLAN, uses radio waves -- typically Wi-Fi -- to connect devices without cables, making it ideal for homes, cafes and offices where flexibility is key.
Organizations can also implement virtual LANs, or VLANs, to segment large networks into more manageable, logical subdivisions, even if the devices aren't physically grouped together. This helps organizations manage network traffic more efficiently.
The two most common ways to connect devices in a LAN are with Ethernet cables and Wi-Fi. Each device in the network is assigned a unique IP address, which helps identify the device on the network. The same device also has a physical address, or media access control (MAC) address, which helps identify the physical hardware device.
Switches use the device's MAC address to send data to the right device on the same network, while routers use IP addresses to route traffic between different networks. Larger LANs often include both switches and routers to manage traffic flow.
LANs serve all types of workplaces -- from a few users in a home office to hundreds in a corporate office. But companies often have multiple LANs in geographically dispersed locations. Those LANs connect with each other to form a wide area network (WAN), which allows users in separate offices to communicate and share resources.
LANs enable centralized access to resources, shared internet connection, efficient communication, data management and more. Still, there are security risks -- such as unauthorized access, phishing attacks and the spread of viruses and malware that result in data loss. To minimize these risks, organizations should use strong authentication mechanisms, monitor device logs and perform frequent software and security updates.
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Tommy Everson is an assistant editor for video content at Informa TechTarget. He assists in content creation for Informa TechTarget's YouTube channel and TikTok page.