The road to carbon neutrality is paved with efficient backups

Why should a business care about carbon-neutral backups?

Considering the potential for upfront costs, organizations might have a hard time justifying investments in addressing environmental concerns. Many of the factors associated with reducing a carbon footprint are part of a long-term view of benefits and risk mitigation rather than short-term gains.

Three major long-term justifications for implementing a more carbon-neutral backup strategy include cost, compliance and reputation.

Businesses might reduce costs by reducing on-premises power, cooling and hardware consumption. Energy efficiency often goes hand in hand with business efficiency. For example, maximizing storage space utilization means buying fewer drives, affecting both costs and emissions.

When it comes to compliance, legal and regulatory measures might require an organization to know and disclose information related to the company's carbon footprint. Local, regional and national governments continue to require businesses to measure and report carbon emissions.

Individuals and organizations are also more discerning about environmental concerns than in the past, so making sure that a company adheres to such practices could bring additional business. Younger workers also recognize the importance of sustainability and reducing environmental impact, so emphasis on these types of programs could be a way to retain employees and draw in younger generations.

Calculating data backup carbon emissions

Achieving carbon neutrality is a long road, but businesses can start by determining the energy consumption and carbon emissions of backup jobs. One way to calculate these factors is by backup job size and related energy costs. Calculate the backup infrastructure's energy consumption in kilowatt-hours.

Backup components include many devices, from storage servers to network infrastructure to cooling. Hardware vendors can provide estimated consumption values, or you can use energy monitoring tools.

Next, work with the power provider to determine energy sources. These could include coal, renewables or others. Multiply the energy consumed by the emissions estimates for each energy source. The result is emissions in CO2 from the backup infrastructure. Measures also refer to combined greenhouse gases as CO2 equivalents, or CO2e.

Implement a carbon-neutral business backup strategy

One way organizations might reduce the environmental impact of data backups is by shifting backups to the cloud. Cloud service providers and large data center vendors are often better positioned for efficient resource use and consolidating resources for multiple customers.

Moving backups and other data storage to cloud data centers helps reduce an organization's immediate consumption and integrates with a larger, more efficient body of consumers. It's a balance of a relatively small number of data centers with a significant impact against a vastly larger number of less efficient on-premises tools.

Cloud service providers invest heavily in efficient systems that take maximum advantage of economies of scale. They can justify large, dense projects that are out of reach for most smaller organizations. This applies to backup storage and the supporting cooling, power and network infrastructure.

Cloud and data center vendors also tend to be aware of the latest renewable energy sources to get the most out of them and retain greater control over supply. Smaller companies cannot usually invest themselves as deeply.

Organizations should carefully examine on-premises power consumption and compare it with cloud-based options. It's likely that a company spends far more on powering and cooling a small server room than a cloud service provider spends hosting that same data. They should also consider hardware lifecycles for on-premises servers and backup drives. Document how frequently the organization rotates out hardware and disposes of it.

Businesses can get closer to carbon neutrality by configuring efficient backup jobs that cover only the data they need. Reducing the size of backup jobs is a solid idea given how unlikely it is that an organization will need any significant amount of backed-up data. As long as the organization maintains copies for disaster recovery, extraneous backups should be deleted.

There are several ways of managing efficient backups, including the following:

• Configure backup jobs for only the content that needs to be backed up.
• Avoid duplicating data in backups by making sure that duplicate files aren't stored in multiple places.
• Confirm that backup jobs meet recovery point objectives without exceeding them, to avoid running backups more frequently than necessary.
• Research available compression algorithms and use the most efficient option.
• Compress data effectively to reduce backup job size.
• Use data deduplication methods to reduce the size of backup jobs further.

Damon Garn owns Cogspinner Coaction and provides freelance IT writing and editing services. He has written multiple CompTIA study guides, including the Linux+, Cloud Essentials+ and Server+ guides, and contributes extensively to Informa TechTarget and CompTIA Blogs.