Business Analytics/Business Intelligence Definitions

This glossary explains the meaning of key words and phrases that information technology (IT) and business professionals use when discussing business analytics and related software products. You can find additional definitions by visiting WhatIs.com or using the search box below.

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  • A

    advanced analytics

    Advanced analytics is a broad category of inquiry that can be used to help drive changes and improvements in business practices.

  • analytic database

    An analytic database, also called an analytical database, is a read-only system that stores historical data on business metrics such as sales performance and inventory levels.

  • asset turnover ratio

    The asset turnover ratio is a measurement that shows how efficiently a company is using its owned resources to generate revenue or sales.

  • association rules

    Association rules are if-then statements that show the probability of relationships between data items within large data sets in various types of databases.

  • What is ad hoc analysis?

    Ad hoc analysis is a business intelligence (BI) process designed to answer a specific business question by using company data from various sources.

  • B

    BABOK Guide (Guide to the Business Analysis Body of Knowledge)

    The guide to the Business Analysis Body of Knowledge, or the BABOK Guide, is a book from the International Institute of Business Analysis (IIBA) that provides essential support and direction to business analysts (BAs) by presenting a collection of the activities that comprise business analysis.

  • business analytics

    Business analytics (BA) is a set of disciplines and technologies for solving business problems using data analysis, statistical models and other quantitative methods.

  • business intelligence competency center (BICC)

    A business intelligence competency center (BICC) is a team of people that, in its most fully realized form, is responsible for managing all aspects of an organization's BI strategy, projects and systems.

  • What is a business intelligence dashboard (BI dashboard)?

    A business intelligence dashboard, or BI dashboard, is a data visualization and analysis tool that displays on one screen the status of key performance indicators (KPIs) and other important business metrics and data points for an organization, department, team or process.

  • What is big data analytics?

    Big data analytics is the process of examining big data to uncover information -- such as hidden patterns, correlations, market trends and customer preferences -- that can help organizations make informed business decisions.

  • What is business intelligence (BI)? A detailed guide

    Business intelligence (BI) is a technology-driven process for analyzing data and delivering actionable information that helps executives, managers and workers make informed business decisions.

  • What is business intelligence architecture (BI architecture)?

    A business intelligence architecture is a framework for the various technologies an organization deploys to run business intelligence and analytics applications.

  • C

    citizen data scientist

    A citizen data scientist is an individual who does some data science work for an organization but doesn't hold the title of data scientist or have a formal background in advanced analytics, statistics or related disciplines.

  • cloud analytics

    Cloud analytics is a service model in which one or more key element of data analytics is provided through a public or private cloud.  Cloud analytics applications and services are typically provided through a subscription-based or utility (pay-per-use) model.

  • collaborative BI (collaborative business intelligence)

    Collaborative BI (collaborative business intelligence) is the merging of business intelligence software with collaboration tools, including social and Web 2.0 technologies, to support improved data-driven decision making.

  • customer analytics (customer data analytics)

    Customer analytics, also called customer data analytics, is the systematic examination of a company's customer information and behavior to identify, attract and retain the most profitable customers.

  • What is composable analytics?

    Composable analytics is an approach to data analytics and business intelligence (BI) that lets an organization combine modular components from different data and analytics tools.

  • What is continuous intelligence?

    Continuous intelligence (CI) is a data analysis process that delivers real-time analytics and insights as a part of ongoing business operations.

  • D

    data curation

    Data curation is the process of creating, organizing and maintaining data sets so they can be accessed and used by people looking for information.

  • data exploration

    Data exploration is the first step in data analysis involving the use of data visualization tools and statistical techniques to uncover data set characteristics and initial patterns.

  • data journalism

    Data journalism in an approach to writing for the public in which the journalist analyzes large data sets to identify potential news stories.

  • data mining

    Data mining is the process of sorting through large data sets to identify patterns and relationships that can help solve business problems through data analysis.

  • data sampling

    Data sampling is a statistical analysis technique used to select, manipulate and analyze a representative subset of data points to identify patterns and trends in the larger data set being examined.

  • days sales outstanding (DSO)

    Days sales outstanding (DSO) is the measurement of the average number of days it takes a business to collect payments after a sale has been made.

  • decision-making process

    A decision-making process is a series of steps one or more individuals take to determine the best option or course of action to address a specific problem or situation.

  • deep analytics

    Deep analytics is the application of sophisticated data processing techniques to yield information from large and typically multi-source data sets comprised of both unstructured and semi-structured data.

  • What is data preparation? An in-depth guide

    Data preparation is the process of gathering, combining, structuring and organizing data for use in business intelligence, analytics and data science applications, as explained in this guide.

  • What is data science as a service (DSaaS)?

    Data science as a service (DSaaS) is a form of outsourcing that involves the delivery of information gleaned from advanced analytics applications run by data scientists at an outside company to corporate clients for their business use.

  • What is data visualization?

    Data visualization is the practice of translating information into a visual context, such as a map or graph, to make data easier for the human brain to understand and pull insights from.

  • What is decision intelligence?

    Decision intelligence is an emerging field that combines data science, artificial intelligence (AI) and decision theory to improve organizational decision-making.

  • E

    edge analytics

    Edge analytics is an approach to data collection and analysis in which an automated analytical computation is performed on data at a sensor, network switch or other device instead of waiting for the data to be sent back to a centralized data store.

  • ensemble modeling

    Ensemble modeling is the process of running two or more related but different analytical models and then synthesizing the results into a single score or spread.

  • enterprise mashup (or data mashup)

    An enterprise mashup is the integration of heterogeneous digital data and applications from multiple sources for business purposes. An enterprise mashup is also sometimes known as a business mashup or, less precisely, as a data mashup.

  • What is embedded analytics?

    Embedded analytics is a data analysis technology that puts analytics capabilities within a business software application, platform or web portal instead of a separate tool.

  • F

    funnel analysis

    Funnel analysis is a way to measure and improve the performance of customer interactions in a step-wise progression from the initial customer contact to a predetermined conversion metric.

  • G

    Google Advertising ID

    Google Advertising ID is a piece of universally unique identifier code that allows mobile applications running on Android devices to identify users and gather data for the purposes of building profiles.

  • Google Analytics

    Google Analytics is a web analytics service that provides numerous analytical tools for marketing purposes.

  • H

    heat map (heatmap)

    A heat map is a two-dimensional representation of data in which various values are represented by colors.

  • I

    in-database analytics

    In-database analytics is a scheme for processing data within the database, avoiding the data movement that slows response time.  

  • in-memory analytics

    In-memory analytics is an approach to querying data residing in a computer's random access memory (RAM) as opposed to querying data stored on physical drives.

  • K

    key results indicator (KRI)

    A key result indicator (KRI) is a metric that measures the quantitative results of business actions to help companies track progress and reach organizational goals.

  • What is a key performance indicator (KPI)? Strategy and guide

    Key performance indicators (KPIs) are quantifiable business metrics that corporate executives, managers and other stakeholders use to track and analyze factors deemed crucial to meeting the organization's stated objectives.

  • L

    Lambda architecture

    Lambda architecture is an approach to big data management that provides access to batch processing and near real-time processing with a hybrid approach.

  • location intelligence (LI)

    Location intelligence (LI) is a business analysis tool capability that enables companies to gather geographic- and location-related data to better understand global, regional and local business trends.

  • logistic regression

    Logistic regression, also known as a logit model, is a statistical analysis method to predict a binary outcome, such as yes or no, based on prior observations of a data set.

  • M

    MicroStrategy

    MicroStrategy is an enterprise business intelligence (BI) application and software vendor.

  • What is a metrics store?

    A metrics store -- also sometimes referred to as a metrics layer, metrics platform or headless business intelligence (BI) -- is a centralized repository for metrics definitions, including the calculations of metrics.

  • N

    named entity

    In data mining, a named entity is a phrase that clearly identifies one item from a set of other items that have similar attributes.

  • noisy data

    Noisy data is a data set that contains extra meaningless data. Almost all data sets will contain a certain amount of unwanted noise.

  • noisy text

    Noisy text is an electronically-stored communication that cannot be categorized properly by a text mining software program. Noisy text is often caused by an end user's excessive use of idiomatic expressions, abbreviations, chat and text acronyms or business-specific lingo.

  • O

    operational efficiency

    Operational efficiency refers to an organization's ability to reduce waste of time, effort and material while still producing a high-quality service or product.

  • operational intelligence (OI)

    Operational intelligence (OI) is an approach to data analysis that enables decisions and actions in business operations to be based on real-time data as it's generated or collected by companies.

  • P

    process intelligence (business process intelligence)

    Process intelligence is data that has been systematically collected to analyze the individual steps within a business process or operational workflow.

  • processing in memory (PIM)

    Processing in memory, or PIM (sometimes called processor in memory), refers to the integration of a processor with Random Access Memory (RAM) on a single chip.

  • What is predictive analytics? An enterprise guide

    Predictive analytics is a form of advanced analytics that uses current and historical data to forecast activity, behavior and trends.

  • Q

    What is Qlik?

    Qlik is a software vendor specializing in data visualization, executive dashboards and self-service business intelligence products.

  • R

    R programming language

    The R programming language is an open source scripting language for predictive analytics and data visualization.

  • revenue attribution

    Revenue attribution is the process of matching customer sales to specific advertisements in order to understand where revenue is coming from and optimize how advertising budgets are spent in the future.

  • What is real-time business intelligence (RTBI)?

    Real-time business intelligence (RTBI) combines data analytics and various data processing tools to enable access to the most relevant, up-to-the-minute data and visualizations.

  • S

    Scala (Scalable Language)

    Scala is a software programming language that mixes object-oriented methods with functional programming capabilities. It was used to create the scalable Spark analytics engine.

  • self-service analytics

    Self-service analytics is a type of business intelligence (BI) that enables business users to access, manipulate, analyze and visualize data, as well as generate reports based on their discoveries.

  • social analysis

    Social analysis is the practice of systematically examining a social problem, issue or trend, often with the aim of prompting changes in the situation being analyzed.

  • social media analytics

    Social media analytics is the process of collecting and analyzing audience data shared on social networks to improve an organization's strategic business decisions.

  • standard operating procedure (SOP)

    A standard operating procedure is a set of step-by-step instructions for performing a routine activity.

  • What is SAS Institute Inc.?

    SAS Institute Inc. is a software vendor that specializes in advanced and predictive analytics software applications, as well as business intelligence and data visualization offerings.

  • What is self-service business intelligence (self-service BI)?

    Self-service business intelligence (BI) is an approach to data analytics that enables nontechnical business users to access and explore data sets.

  • What is sentiment analysis?

    Sentiment analysis, also referred to as 'opinion mining,' is an approach to natural language processing (NLP) that identifies the emotional tone behind a body of text.

  • T

    text mining (text analytics)

    Text mining is the process of exploring and analyzing large amounts of unstructured text data aided by software that can identify concepts, patterns, topics, keywords and other attributes in the data.

  • text tagging

    Text tagging is the process of manually or automatically adding tags or annotation to various components of unstructured data as one step in the process of preparing such data for analysis.

  • U

    unstructured data

    Unstructured data is information, in many different forms, that doesn't follow conventional data models, making it difficult to store and manage in a mainstream relational database.

  • unstructured text

    The unstructured text collected from social media activities plays a key role in predictive analytics for the enterprise because it is a prime source for sentiment analysis to determine the general attitude of consumers toward a brand or idea.

  • W

    web analytics

    Web analytics is the process of analyzing the behavior of visitors to a website by tracking, reviewing and reporting the data generated by their use of the site and its components, such as its webpages, images and videos.