classical computing
Classical computing is another name for binary computing. In this traditional approach to computing, information is stored in bits that are represented logically by either a 0 (off) or a 1 (on). Today's processors, including x86 and ARM processors, support classical computing.
Classical computing contrasts with quantum computing, a type of non-classical computing that represents data in quantum bits (qubits). A classical bit is either on or off, but a qubit can be on and off at the same time, a condition known as superposition.
Unlike classical computers, quantum computers require specialized and expensive infrastructure. They must operate at near-absolute zero temperatures and be shielded from outside radio waves, light and magnetic fields to prevent errors.
| Classical Computing |
Quantum Computing |
| Used by large scale multi-purpose computers and devices. |
Used by high speed, quantum mechanics based computers. |
| Information is stored in bits. |
Information is stored in quantum bits. |
| There are a discrete number of possible states, 0 or 1. |
There are an infinite, continuous number of possible states. |
| Calculations are deterministic, meaning repeating the same input results in the same output. |
Calculations are probabilistic, meaning there are multiple possible outputs to the same input. |
| Data processing is carried out by logic and in sequential order. |
Data processing is carried out by Quantum logic at parallel instances. |
| Operations are defined by Boolean Algebra. |
Operations are defined by linear algebra over Hilbert space. |
| Circuit behavior is defined by classical physics. |
Circuit behavior is defined by quantum mechanics. |