Algorithms
Terms related to procedures or formulas for solving a problem by conducting a sequence of specified actions. In computing, algorithms in the form of mathematical instructions play an important part in search, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning.- 42 (h2g2, meaning of life, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy) - In Douglas Adams' "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy," 42 is the number from which all meaning ("the meaning of life, the universe, and everything") can be derived.
- absolute truth - In general, absolute truth is whatever is always valid, regardless of parameters or context.
- algorithmic transparency - Algorithmic transparency is openness about the purpose, structure and underlying actions of the algorithms used to search for, process and deliver information.
- artificial neuron - An artificial neuron is a connection point in an artificial neural network.
- autocorrect - Autocorrect is a word processing feature that identifies misspelled words, and uses algorithms to identify the words most likely to have been intended, and edits the text accordingly.
- binary-coded decimal - Binary-coded decimal is a system of writing numerals that assigns a four-digit binary code to each digit 0 through 9 in a decimal (base 10) number.
- Boolean - In computing, the term Boolean means a result that can only have one of two possible values: true or false.
- cellular automaton (CA) - A cellular automaton (CA) is a collection of cells arranged in a grid of specified shape, such that each cell changes state as a function of time, according to a defined set of rules driven by the states of neighboring cells.
- cipher - In cryptography, a cipher is an algorithm for encrypting and decrypting data.
- cloaking - Cloaking is a technique where a different version of web content is returned to users than to the search engine crawlers.
- correlation - Correlation is a statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two or more variables fluctuate in relation to each other.
- correlation coefficient - A correlation coefficient is a statistical measure of the degree to which changes to the value of one variable predict change to the value of another.
- cryptographic checksum - Generated by a cryptographic algorithm, a cryptographic checksum is a mathematical value assigned to a file sent through a network for verifying that the data contained in that file is unchanged.
- data analytics (DA) - Data analytics (DA) is the process of examining data sets to find trends and draw conclusions about the information they contain.
- data literacy - Data literacy is the ability to derive meaningful information from data, just as literacy in general is the ability to derive information from the written word.
- data point - A data point is a discrete unit of information.
- de-anonymization (deanonymization) - De-anonymization is a method used to detect the original data that was subjected to processes to make it impossible -- or at least harder -- to identify the personally identifiable information (PII).
- decimal - Decimal is a numbering system that uses a base-10 representation for numeric values.
- deconvolutional networks (deconvolutional neural networks) - Deconvolutional networks are convolutional neural networks (CNN) that work in a reversed process.
- deductive argument - A deductive argument is a logic construct with two or more premises and a conclusion where if the premises are true then the conclusion must also be true.
- deductive reasoning - Deductive reasoning is a logical process in which a conclusion is based on the accordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be true.
- degree per second - The degree per second is a unit of angular (rotational) speed.
- dependent variable - A dependent variable is a variable whose value depends upon independent variable s.
- digital process automation - Digital process automation (DPA) uses low-code development tools to automate processes that can span multiple applications.
- Digital Signature Standard (DSS) - The Digital Signature Standard (DSS) is a digital signature algorithm (DSA) developed by the U.
- discrete event simulation (DES) - Discrete event simulation (DES) is the process of codifying the behavior of a complex system as an ordered sequence of well-defined events.
- dot product (scalar product) - The dot product, also called scalar product, is a measure of how closely two vectors align with each other, in terms of the directions they point.
- edge analytics - Edge analytics is an approach to data collection and analysis in which an automated analytical computation is performed on data at a sensor, network switch or other device instead of waiting for the data to be sent back to a centralized data store.
- element - An element is a fundamental item that can't be easily broken into smaller pieces.
- element-of symbol - The element-of symbol is used in mathematical set theory to indicate that a point, object or number belongs to a certain set.
- encryption key - In cryptography, an encryption key is a variable value that is applied using an algorithm to a string or block of unencrypted text to produce encrypted text or to decrypt encrypted text.
- ensemble modeling - Ensemble modeling is the process of running two or more related but different analytical models and then synthesizing the results into a single score or spread.
- Ethereum - Ethereum is an open source, distributed software platform based on blockchain technology.
- evolutionary algorithm - An evolutionary algorithm (EA) is an algorithm that uses mechanisms inspired by nature and solves problems through processes that emulate the behaviors of living organisms.
- exponential function - An exponential function is a mathematical function used to calculate the exponential growth or decay of a given set of data.
- Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) - Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) is an eight-bit encoding scheme that standardizes how alphanumeric characters, punctuation and other symbols are interpreted by a computer's operating system (OS) and applications.
- extrapolation and interpolation - Extrapolation refers to estimating an unknown value based on extending a known sequence of values or facts.
- facial recognition - Facial recognition is a category of biometric software that maps an individual's facial features to confirm their identity.
- fan-out - In digital circuitry, fan-out is a measure of the maximum number of digital inputs that the output of a single logic gate can feed without disrupting the circuitry's operations.
- Fibonacci sequence - The Fibonacci sequence is a set of integers (the Fibonacci numbers) that starts with a zero, followed by a one, then by another one, and then by a series of steadily increasing numbers.
- fuzzy search - A fuzzy search is a technique that uses search algorithms to find strings that match patterns approximately.
- garbage in, garbage out (GIGO) - Garbage in, garbage out, or GIGO, refers to the idea that in any system, the quality of output is determined by the quality of the input.
- Google Duplex - Google Duplex is an artificial intelligence (AI) technology that mimics a human voice and makes phone calls on a person's behalf.
- googol and googolplex - A googol is 10 to the 100th power, which is 1 followed by 100 zeros.
- gradient descent - Gradient descent is an optimization algorithm that refines a machine learning (ML) model's parameters to create a more accurate model.
- Hamming code - Hamming code is an error correction system that can detect and correct errors when data is stored or transmitted.
- image compression - Image compression is a process applied to a graphics file to minimize its size in bytes without degrading image quality below an acceptable threshold.
- inductive reasoning - Inductive reasoning is a logical process in which multiple premises, all believed true or found true most of the time, are combined to obtain a specific conclusion.
- International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) - The International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) is a symmetric key block cipher encryption algorithm designed to encrypt text to an unreadable format for transmission via the internet.
- JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) - JPEG (pronounced JAY-peg) is a graphic image file compressed with lossy compression using the standard developed by the ISO/IEC Joint Photographic Experts Group.
- Karnaugh map (K-map) - A Karnaugh map (K-map) is a visual method used to simplify the algebraic expressions in Boolean functions without having to resort to complex theorems or equation manipulations.
- knowledge engineering - Knowledge engineering is a field of artificial intelligence (AI) that tries to emulate the judgment and behavior of a human expert in a given field.
- law of large numbers - The law of large numbers is a principle of probability according to which the frequencies of events with the same likelihood of occurrence even out, given enough trials or instances.
- leaky bucket algorithm - The leaky bucket algorithm is a "traffic shaping" algorithm to reduce the load the transport layer places on the network layer and reduce congestion in the network.
- logical negation symbol - The logical negation symbol is used in Boolean algebra to indicate that the truth value of the statement that follows is reversed.
- logistic regression - Logistic regression, also known as a logit model, is a statistical analysis method to predict a binary outcome, such as yes or no, based on prior observations of a data set.
- Luhn algorithm (modulus 10) - The Luhn algorithm, also called modulus 10 or modulus 10 algorithm, is a simple mathematical formula used to validate a user's identification numbers.
- Markov model - A Markov model is a stochastic method for randomly changing systems that possess the Markov property.
- MD5 - The MD5 (message-digest algorithm) hashing algorithm is a one-way cryptographic function that accepts a message of any length as input and returns as output a fixed-length digest value to be used for authenticating the original message.
- most significant bit (MSB) - The most significant bit (MSB) is the bit in a multiple-bit binary number with the largest value.
- natural number - A natural number is a number that occurs commonly and obviously in nature.
- normal distribution - A normal distribution is a type of continuous probability distribution in which most data points cluster toward the middle of the range, while the rest taper off symmetrically toward either extreme.
- operation (computing) - An operation, in computing, is an action that is carried out to accomplish a given task.
- operator - In mathematics and computer programming, an operator is a character that represents a specific mathematical or logical action or process.
- order of magnitude - An order of magnitude is an exponential change of plus or minus 1 in the value of a quantity or unit.
- outlier - An outlier is a single data point that goes far outside the average value of a group of statistics.
- Q format - Q (number) format is a fixed-point method of coding fractional and whole integers for processing by a computer’s CPU or a digital signal processor (DSP).
- random numbers - As the term suggests, a random number is a number chosen by chance -- i.
- recurrent neural networks - A recurrent neural network (RNN) is a type of artificial neural network commonly used in speech recognition and natural language processing.
- Rijndael - Rijndael (pronounced rain-dahl) is an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm.
- round robin - A round robin is an arrangement of choosing all elements in a group equally in some rational order, usually from the top to the bottom of a list and then starting again at the top of the list and so on.
- rounding error - Rounding error is the difference between a rounded-off numerical value and the actual value.
- second (s or sec) - The second (s or sec) is the International System of Units (SI) unit of time measurement.
- space - Space is a term that can refer to various phenomena in science, mathematics and computing and generally encompasses the concept of an area or region.
- specific gravity - Specific gravity, more formally known as relative density, is a measure of the density of a substance in comparison to the density of water.
- square meter (meter squared) - The square meter, also called the meter squared, is the International System of Units (SI) unit of area.
- standing wave ratio (SWR) - Standing wave ratio (SWR) is the ratio of the maximum magnitude or amplitude of a standing wave to its minimum magnitude.
- statistical analysis - Statistical analysis is the collection and interpretation of data in order to uncover patterns and trends.
- STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) - STEM is an educational approach that prepares primary and secondary students for college, graduate study and careers in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM).
- Top searches of 2008 - What were people searching the WhatIs.
- truncation error - A truncation error is the difference between an actual and a truncated, or cut-off, value.
- truth table - A truth table is a breakdown of all the possible truth values returned by a logical expression.
- What are AI hallucinations and why are they a problem? - An AI hallucination is when a large language model (LLM) powering an artificial intelligence (AI) system generates false information or misleading results, often leading to incorrect human decision-making.
- What are diffusion models? - Diffusion models are a category of generative AI that excels at creating images, audio, video and other types of data by using a two-step process: forward diffusion and reverse diffusion.
- What are machine learning algorithms? 12 types explained - A machine learning algorithm is the method by which the AI system conducts its task, generally predicting output values from given input data.
- What are vision language models (VLMs)? - Vision language models (VLMs) are a type of artificial intelligence (AI) model that can understand and generate text about images.
- What is a backpropagation algorithm? - A backpropagation algorithm, or backward propagation of errors, is an algorithm that's used to help train neural network models.
- What is a block cipher? - A block cipher is a method of encrypting data in blocks to produce ciphertext using a cryptographic key and algorithm.
- What is a Consensus Algorithm? - A consensus algorithm is a process in computer science used to achieve agreement on a single data value among distributed processes or systems.
- What is a convolutional neural network (CNN)? - A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a category of machine learning model.
- What is a generative adversarial network (GAN)? - A generative adversarial network (GAN) is a machine learning (ML) model in which two neural networks compete by using deep learning methods to become more accurate in their predictions.
- What is a perceptron? - A perceptron is a simple model of a biological neuron used in an artificial neural network.
- What is a support vector machine (SVM)? - A support vector machine (SVM) is a type of supervised learning algorithm used in machine learning to solve classification and regression tasks.
- What is a unique identifier (UID)? - A unique identifier (UID) is a numeric or alphanumeric string that is associated with a single entity within a given system.
- What is a UUID (Universally Unique Identifier)? - A UUID (Universal Unique Identifier) is a 128-bit value used to uniquely identify an object or entity on the internet.
- What is AI (Artificial Intelligence)? Definition, Types, Examples & Use Cases - Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems.
- What is AI ethics? - AI ethics is a system of moral principles and techniques intended to inform the development and responsible use of artificial intelligence technology.
- What is an algorithm? - An algorithm is a procedure used for solving a problem or performing a computation.
- What is an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and how does it work? - An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a part of a central processing unit (CPU) that carries out arithmetic and logic operations.
- What is an autoregressive model? - An autoregressive model is a category of machine learning models in which algorithms predict future data based on a series of their own past data.